What explosives are being used high or low, tnt, natural gas, etc, is the explosion occurring on the ground or mid air as in a bomb. Improvised explosive device ied safe standoff distance cheat sheet open pdf 168kb this document is a cheat sheet for the specific threat posed by improvised explosive devices. Calculated outflow velocity of the projectile head ranged between 850 ms and 1566 ms. Pdf effect of standoff distance on the mechanical and. Standoff explosive detection takes step backward officer. Explosive forming is labor intensive, but requires only single. Contact operations place the explosive in direct contact with the metal. Explosion welding parameters are presented in table 2 for 4 samples.
Explosive forming process explosive material explosion free 30. Additive manufacturing of liners for shaped charges. These munitions are spaced 17 centimeters apart on a nylon webbing array. Explosive forming 1 unconfined type or stand off technique. Read isc security design criteria for new federal office. Ufc 401002 dod minimum antiterrorism standoff distances for buildings fouo, with change 1 10082003 federal facility criteria.
Explosives can be placed at a fixed distance from the workpiece. A variety of technologies are emerging to move explosive detection backwards, away from the threat, some up to. Unit 5b high velocity forming methods linkedin slideshare. The velocity of explosive material was measured by the fiberoptic system. Improvised explosive device ied safe standoff distance. Improvised explosive device ied safe standoff distance cheat sheet threat description explosives mass1 tnt equivalent building evacuation distance2 outdoor evacuation distance3 pipe bomb 5. At detonation, the focusing of the explosive high pressure wave as it becomes incident to the side wall causes the metal liner of the lsc to collapsecreating the cutting force. Explosive forming can be separated into two different categories. Large explosive devices detonated at relatively great. Bond window is the range of process variables, such as velocity.
Standoff detection of explosive substances at distances of up to 150m article pdf available in applied optics 4911. A solidstate welding process that produces coalescence by high velocity interaction of the work pieces produced by a controlled detonation. Evaluation of welding parameters effects on corrosion. Pdf in this research, the effect of standoff distance on the. Pdf tno is involved in development of the explosive forming technology for the fabrication of metal sheets.
The sheet gives an estimate of how far a person should stand from different explosive devices to avoid any injury. Schematic illustration of explosive welding of thin w and cu plates. Udomphol explosive charge is detonated in medium water at an appropriate standoff distance from the sheet blank at a very high velocity. Explosive forming is a metalworking technique in which an explosive charge is used instead of. The standoff distance was 16 cm in all experiments. Explosive welding explosive material welding scribd. Generally, the preset standoff distance should be twice the flyer thickness. Standoff operations places the explosive charge some distance away from the workpiece. Calculated maximal pressure inside the nozzle ranged from. Various techniques explosive forming operations can be divided into two groups, depending on the position of the explosive charge relative to the work piece. Dualexcitationwavelength resonanceraman explosives. The microhardness of the sample with 1 mam standoff distance was 650 hv that increased to 927 hv in the sample with 2. Numerical and experimental studies on the explosive welding of. Standoff detection of hazardous materials remains an important challenge which persists despite decades of research.
Explosive forming is a process in which forces produced by an explosion are used to shape a workpiece. A definite quantity of explosive is placed suitably in water medium at a definite stand off. The explosive energy replaces the male part of the tool that is used in regular forming processes. A definite quantity of explosive is placed suitably in water medium at a definite stand off distance from the. Governed by the ability of typical us commercial construction to resist severe. The ens is a net with explosive shaped charge munitions located at each node. Usually, the standoff distance available and the assumed size of the explosive device will determine the blastresistant features that must be provided. There are lots of variables to be taken into consideration such as. Each type of explosive has a specific table of distance. Table b1 standoff distances for new and existing buildings. How does one calculate a safe distance from an explosion. Investigation of materials for liners of shaped charge.
It can be used on materials for which a press setup would be prohibitively large or require an. When the standoff distance is small, the jet cannot fully develop and the jet back flow is serious, reducing the rockbreaking effect. Home united facilities criteria cd 2 table b1 standoff distances for new and existing buildings. Existing and potential standoff explosives detection. Table of distances bureau of alcohol, tobacco, firearms. Booster standoff distance, and predicting blast effects. The ability to detect explosives at a standoff distance, for instance in cases involving suicide bombers on foot or in a vehicle, is a daunting but vital need. A punch in conventional forming is replaced by an explosive charge. The goal of whole building design is to create a successful highperformance building. Standoff distance plays a vital role in explosion welding. Standoff is the distance between the cladder and base plate prior to the join ing operation. Effect of standoff distance on the mechanical and metallurgical.
Manual for beryllium prospecters, january 1d, iwl ps 151105, 51. After detonation the explosive forces travel through the intervening medium to reach the work piece. Generally it is taken double of thickness of flyer plate for thin plates and equal to thickness of flyer plate for thick plates. Standoff explosive detection improvements, therefore, have never been more welcome. Standoff explosives trace detection and imaging by. Explosive forming is a metalworking technique in which an explosive charge is used instead of a punch or press. Explosive forming process free download as powerpoint presentation. Based on maximum volume or weight of explosive tnt equivalent that could reasonably. A definite quantity of explosive is placed suitably in water medium at a. Recent developments in spectroscopic techniques for the. Inch, as a function of standoff distance and net explosive weight, page 417, fema 426.
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